Renal · Nephrotic syndrome pathophysiology, complications, and primary nephrotic diseases (MCD, FSGS, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, amyloidosis)
By completing this question set, you will be able to recognize nephrotic syndrome from its defining features and explain the pathophysiology of each major complication (edema, hypercoagulability, infection, hyperlipidemia). You will diagnose specific nephrotic diseases by integrating demographics, clinical associations, and biopsy findings: MCD (child, steroid-responsive, foot process effacement only), FSGS (adult, steroid-resistant, segmental sclerosis, HIV collapsing variant), membranous nephropathy (Caucasian adult, subepithelial deposits with spike-and-dome, anti-PLA2R, malignancy screening), diabetic nephropathy (most common cause of ESRD, Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules, microalbuminuria screening), and amyloidosis (Congo red birefringence, AL vs AA classification). You will identify the nephrotic disease most associated with each major complication and apply renoprotective management strategies.