Cystic Kidney Disease & Nephrolithiasis

By completing this question set, you will be able to distinguish ADPKD from ARPKD by inheritance pattern, age of presentation, cyst morphology, and extrarenal manifestations. You will identify ADPKD's extrarenal manifestations (berry aneurysms, hepatic cysts, MVP) and explain how tolvaptan slows cyst growth. You will differentiate other cystic diseases including nephronophthisis (the most common genetic cause of childhood ESRD) and medullary sponge kidney (benign, does NOT progress). You will identify each stone type from its crystal morphology, radiopacity, and urine pH, and trace the mechanistic pathway of stone formation for each type. You will apply metabolic workup results to select stone-specific prevention strategies and manage acute nephrolithiasis including the emergency of an infected obstructed system.